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To termites, any violation of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their heads, apparently to attract different soldiers for defence and also to recruit additional employees to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites that causes them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which can be a way to recruit additional workers.56.

The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the ability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles throughout the plan of evolution and must be fed by workers.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets quite sticky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block which denies entry to any attacker.161.

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Workers use several different approaches to deal with their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys away a corpse from the colony to dispose of it everywhere.165 Which approach is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown balls, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggs, and in certain circumstances the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to capture termites to utilize as a fresh food source after on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who try to escape are instantly seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographical range; another is to protect themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles this link and flies have evolved with their hosts.

Mounds may also provide shelter and heat to birds, lizards, snakes and scorpions.56.

Termites are known to transport pollen and regularly visit flowers,177 are regarded as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging employees, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae blossom in the world to be pollinated by termites.177

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Many plants have grown powerful defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they've passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant chemicals into the woody cell walls.180 This lowers the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When retained near the extract, they become disoriented and eventually perish.181.

Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those caused by human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 sites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the 3 sites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.